She returned to nursing and withdrew from the literary circles of which she had been a part. One short story drew allegations of plagiarism, and Larsen probably stopped writing as a result of the controversy over her work.

She went to Spain to work, but she published little after receiving the award. Larsen’s novels were well received, and in 1930 she was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship in creative writing, the first African American woman to win one. Throughout the novel, the mixed-race Helga finds herself torn in her loyalties and disconnected from both whites and blacks. Quicksand wrestles overtly with this problem of establishing an “authentic” racial identity: Helga prizes much about upper-class white culture, but also longs to understand and appreciate those things that distinguish African Americans. While many believed that a celebration of the “primitive” aspects of African American culture benefited the advancement of the race, others thought that the depictions of blacks, and especially black women, in Van Vechten’s and other authors’ works contributed to a construction of racial identity that severely limited possibilities for African Americans. She was assisted by a white patron of Harlem Renaissance writers, Carl Van Vechten, himself the author of the controversial novel Nigger Heaven. Larsen completed two novels– Quicksand (1928) and Passing (1929), about a light-skinned black woman passing herself as white–which the prestigious publishing firm Alfred A. She became involved with the artistic community in Harlem, and four years later, she decided to pursue a career as a writer. Larsen gave up nursing in 1922 and worked for the New York Public Library. She married Elmer Samuel Imes, an African American physicist who worked at Fisk University.

In 1912 she returned to the United States and pursued a nursing degree and career in New York. She left Fisk and spent the next three years with relatives in Denmark, auditing classes at the University of Copenhagen. From 1907 to 1908 she studied at a high school associated with Fisk University. Her adopted family was embarrassed by her dark skin, and Larsen always felt that she did not belong. After her father died (when Larsen was two), her mother married a white man and raised Larsen in an all-white environment. James Allen, Portrait of Nella Larsen(1928), courtesy of the Library of Congress.Nella Larsen, like Quicksand‘s Helga, was born to parents of different races: her father was West Indian and her mother was Danish.

Quicksand by Nella Larsen